Microsoft Information System

Foundation Computer is no uncertainty an incredible creation of science. Since, the PC has prepared the world into different viewpoints. Next to each other, web has hypnotized the world into its enchantment constantly. Because of web, everybody is associated with their loved ones without taking any strain of close and far or distances.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Microsoft Information System explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the previous scarcely any years, these offices resembled a fantasy or living on the moon. In any case, it’s all the psyche of people that made its conceivable. Individuals are currently such a great amount of dependent on the universe of web that they need to accomplish each moment work on the web. They share, investigate, take help or each sort of help from web. The disclosure of web has opened new skylines to the headways of science. Presentation Internet is the fundamental instrument that can be uti lized for a mode of discussion, correspondence and coordination for a business. In any business, client connections are the essential element that causes the business to get into greater gainfulness and profitability. Presently a day, web is using numerous devices and methods that help in getting organizations perceived comprehensively and boundlessly through every single related channel. Microsoft Information framework is among one of the instruments that help in getting the electronic media quicker and effectively available to the clients. There are numerous models relating B2B and internet promoting instruments and so forth. Supervisors are capable to plan, actualize and execute this connection between the customers, clients and administrators. Microsoft Information System †A significant apparatus for Electronic Marketing Call focuses are the best case of such procedures that are helping the media and individuals to have a simple openness and accessibility of the items. Thes e all devices are worked by Microsoft Information System. Different virtual products work for different organizations. Presently a day, advancement of an item and administrations are done through their specific sites. In advancing a business, it isn't imperative to assemble or show the data before the customers however interestingly, how you show it? The fruitful chief is the one that makes it most attractive before the customers. This is the means by which rivalry among rivals is finished. Portrayal of MIS is a significant device for social affair dissecting and executing information process. It is the best method of sorting out the electronic information of a business most productively. Different virtual products and electronic devices and strategies are utilized as scientific examinations and these information are organized.Advertising Looking for investigate paper on it? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this paper, quali ties, shortcomings, openings, dangers (SWOT Analysis) will be done to find that how Microsoft Information System is functioning for the associations and in which office it is using its enchantment to change the huge amounts of manual document work into little bytes of electronic records to be spared in a solitary circle. Qualities of Microsoft Information System Microsoft Information System has caught this universe into its orchestrated viability. There are numerous advantages and preferences of Microsoft Information System that can't be denied regardless. It is a drawn out useful procedure that can lead a business to be huge and unmistakable among different organizations. MIS was recommended for the directors to work in a composed and successful way in the field of human asset the executives by keeping all the record, pay rates and other evaluation frameworks for the representatives. Upgrading Effective Communication among Organizations Effective correspondence has for quite some t ime been supported as an essential impact in the satisfaction of exceptional statures of hierarchical viability. There is an equal connection between authoritative adequacy and hierarchical correspondence. Authoritative correspondence contains endless message sending and accepting events contacting official mutual units in which people move in the direction of shared objectives. This has all been conceivable because of electronic media and Microsoft data framework. It is uncommon to find an association that difficulties to achieve all phases of correspondence as a convenient movement. building proficient relational abilities is significant for powerful authority. The individual must be eager to share information and ideas to move a feeling of crisis and energy to other group individuals. On the off chance that an individual has no capacity to tranfser or pass on the message appropriately, at that point holding an information has no worth. Instruments and Techniques utilized by MIS E nterprising, showcasing, deals and advancement, Keeping of bookkeeping record, buys, stock record, venture the executives methods like perky examination, CPM and different variables. Essentially, researchers and analysts are such a great amount of encouraged by Microsoft data framework. On a solitary snap, it can create the information of 10, 00 years back. This is extremely momentous. This is the motivation behind why looks into have been presently streamlined and adjusted as indicated by the arrangement of Microsoft data framework. The legitimacy and unwavering quality of the information is likewise dissected by an assortment of devices and procedures feeded in the framework just to improve all out quality administration and other related information. In the past occasions, individuals used to accomplish all the work by manual activities inside the documents. The documents get burst, torn or wet under floods or some other catastrophe. A large number of the records were scorched de liberately just to dispose of the old stuff. Things were so difficult to oversee at that point. In any case, presently specialists have set up such a shrewd procedure, that experiences in a savvy way and examine the information inside grating of seconds.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Microsoft Information System explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Affectivity of MIS Since it is so natural to accumulate the information and information yet the primary concern is to use it in the best way. The war of business is about the productivity and adequately executed things that are making the world to become quicker all around. IPods, I cushions, PCs have made lives increasingly simpler now for everyday purposes. Indeed, even online trainings and instructions are presently executed through online Microsoft data framework. Shortcomings of Microsoft Information System As far as shortcomings of Microsoft data framework is worried, there are numerous deficiencies in an apparatus framework. Human blunders and predispositions are not appropriately managed at times. PCs can stuck at the hour of crisis, when the information is required all the more rapidly, There might be a few inconveniences of such frameworks. Manual Faults There can be numerous manual blames in the framework. Eg, the framework is under the management of individuals and power and the product frameworks that are put away inside. They many contain numerous mistakes and can be executed consequently in the created reports. Manual work can undoubtedly be expelled or changed yet it is somewhat difficult to fix the mistakes of electronic frameworks. A specialist of expert is required to manage it. This is the explanation organizations keep their secret phrase secured lock frameworks for their official PCs and all the records that are the assets of the organization. Web and Computer Frauds It can be upgraded by PC fakes or PC wrongdoings. PCs are set apart as character f or the cerebrums of people. There is no uncertainty about the productivity of this innovation. To the extent focal points of this little machine are concerned, everybody knows, that are innumerable yet now a days, some dread disapproved of people have abused it, which is illicit, deceptive and unlawful practices looked by the entire world. Three significant and compelling PC violations are-1)- Hacking 2)- Virus 3)- Fraud. Among three of them, hacking is the more hard to characterize in light of the fact that it is a harm to others’ accounts, software’s †a straightforward instance of cheat with other individual though infection preliminary and fakes have become some portion of the innovative world. Where a PC researcher is advancing an antivirus system before the revelation for new infection and its dispatch in the victim’s PC. Extortion prompts an assortment of implications. It might allude to as to cheat or doubt somebody on PC by giving incorrectly data a bout oneself or by harming one intellectually or by means of other PC tools.Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on it? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More PC Crime †A genuine danger to MIS There are various other PC violations that are demolishing the lives of adolescents step by step. Our childhood is absolutely heavily influenced by its like under an octopus. Web, software’s and other PC applications offer a total bundle towards illicit issues (Parker Donn, 2002). As indicated by a review in USA, PC wrongdoings are on top in the period of present day time. Each time it is difficult to deal with on the grounds that it might make damage to an individual or his entire family by requesting cash or data. Now and again, an individual may lose entire information from his/her PC. Albeit numerous strategies are managed for the control of such wrongdoings however to get the offender in an immense and enchanted universe of web pilgrim is genuinely unthinkable. Correspondingly, some other PC violations like digital wrongdoing; kid erotic entertainment is raising high and high, which may prompt the eventual fate of our childhood towar ds demolition. In addition, these enhancing crime percentages are hitting the organizations, banks and programming organizations particularly Microsoft data framework best case scenario hazard in light of the fact that the programmers attempt to take their every private datum, likely arrangements, citations for tenders and numerous valuable assets that are the fundamental resource of an association, which is a tot

Eth-125 Week 9 Final Prject

Singular Final Project: Kristopher Freitag Race and ethnicity and understanding its disparities helped me accomplish a specific measure of levity with the manner in which I interface with others. America is amazingly assorted, yet share a wealth of things for all intents and purpose. This is appeared from the beginning of time and right outside our entryways, America, where our towns and urban areas are filled to the edge with characters and of contrast race and ethnicity share this culture we call American society.I have figured out how to put a take to being short sited and keeping in mind that I found out minimal about my own social history, the most significant thing is to guarantee you don't overlook it. An excessive number of individuals have prejudged ideas and are set in their own social history and perspectives, however once one investigates it, there are unfathomably more things one has not understood and learned. It's difficult to think going in to the class that you would be so gullible and oblivious to acknowledge that we are so near each other, and how our battles of contrasts have brought us closer together.For myself a Caucasian male, there is little to find out about my ethnicity, anyway as my better half is Hispanic we have developed nearer as I have gained more from her and her â€Å"peeps† as she calls them, than most will ever figure it out. Finding out about your own social can be gainful, anyway I see more advantage in knowing another's, this thusly shows a degree of regard for their own history and not a total ignore of any different backgrounds they may have originated from. The patterns in migration in the United States are entirely unsurprising and keep on developing exponentially.Immigration development is relied upon to stay high inside the United States, as individuals love this nation of our own, and will keep on moving here due to its qualities and generally significant of all, its opportunity. Truly, America isn't great, yet it is viewed as the homeland and I don't believe that notoriety is leaving soon. Individuals must get ready for the proceeding with development of movement by incorporating language, culture, and other little contrasts into our general public. This is remembered for our schools, organizations, TV, papers, and other outlets.For model, there ought to be language interpretations on transport stop signs or café menus, and so on. The high note of this trade of culture will be the constrained about of partiality one can guarantee against â€Å"the white man† as generally will turn into the minorities. Incidentally, I consider this to be something worth being thankful for, America was established on settlers, I see an a balance of offer the most convincing thought. Having the opportunity to picked your own way and religion in the United States is the reason we are the quickest developing country, it is time we grasped our disparities and permit them to make another life for us. The challenge the United States faces on account of its assorted variety are ever changing and consistently developing clashes inside its own special outskirts. We as a whole need something to improve lives, some better compensation, some more opportunity, sanctioning, marriage, the decent variety of the things we battle for are huge all by themselves. As we push ahead we should start to haggle with these contention and make a tranquil goals accessible to the individuals and their requests, else we will dive ourselves down into a common war, of which I am not intrigued in.The unexpected side of this, is on the off chance that we as a general public, as a nation, as one can stand up and state this will occur and this is the manner by which it will be, than we may very well bring together our disparities and grants the original of Americans to be naturally introduced to a nation where we cooperate, not against each other. The diverse social foundations incorporated into one network, t he various encounters we may gain from one another, the potential outcomes are huge, however on the off chance that we contrast our general public with those of old, the extension of war presented new societies and information, for what reason would we be able to do likewise without the ar.By just being thoughtful and lenient and aware to each other and treating each other as we would need to be dealt with. I think discourteousness is at record-breaking high. I am perusing a book The Civility Solution ; it has a lot of unrivaled information. I think on the off chance that we teach ourselves regarding this matter ; share what we are realizing it will spread rapidly. I was in a café tonight ; my server was at the table close to mine ; I heard her utilization the word CRAP. I couldn't conviction she said that, she did. What might make an individual state that when she is conversing with individuals about food. So raising awareness is the best approach to go.I think experience is signi ficant and when individuals gain as a matter of fact it is the best educator. Numerous who live out of sight from others are moving in to the more populated regions and that will help. At the point when you need assistance and the individual who aides isn't in the body or from the land territory you love you begin cherishing them in any case. Unavoidably media generalizations are regularly used so as to accommodate a particular impact, particularly in the diversion, promoting, and news businesses, which need a wide shade to draw in as huge a group of people as conceivable to rapidly decipher information.Stereotypes extended in the media can have antagonistic reaction and gotten risky. They can decrease the immense scope of social contrasts in individuals to excessively oversimplified classifications and changing presumptions about specific gatherings into â€Å"realities† are locked in to legitimize the situation of those in control and propagate social bias and imbalance The social gatherings being generalized are not allowed any chance to impact how they are represented.This is basic inside the media, paying little mind to style, show or channel, generalizations and a few reasons for cliché depictions, incorporate an absence of assorted variety off camera. Anyway the reason for this production of gratefulness initiated by the media isn't without saying, the center focused on minorities all things considered, families, and the thankfulness for opportunity, this absence of outrage that can be driven into our TVs, motion pictures, and advertisements is a technique for joining Americans and their differences.Only through an affirmation of our disparities will the biased learning's and instructive administrations be made the deception to be transparently talked about and drawn nearer with in a manner which is probably going to encourage change. It is clear be that as it may, that on the off chance that we can't discuss these distinctions and issues in the ir depiction, we most likely can't transform it. Sigmund Freud, the popular Austrian doctor changed the entire essence of brain science in such a sensational path by advancing a hypothesis of character that worried on the significance of the oblivious mind.The work he finished with patients experiencing mental handicaps like craziness drove him to estimate that our youth just as our oblivious musings and activities contribute toward the improvement of our characters and generally grown-up conduct. Changing a whole gatherings preferential perspectives, perspectives and convictions and an establishment's bigot activities isn't just fixed overnight.Reducing our racial bias as a general public and prejudice is an unpredictable assignment that adjustments in thoughts from network to network, so it doesn't offer a straight-forward methodology, a bit by bit process that can be received and coordinated without having a total comprehension of nature and social setting. This activity would re quire realizing your locale well and having the option to pick a system that will best meet your own locale's requirements, history, setting, energies, and assets, as a one size fits all won't work in this issue.

Its December 9th! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Its December 9th! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Happy Friday!   SIPA students are finishing their semester.   Finals are around the corner and then many will go home for the holidays, some will attend the Annual DC Career Conference, while others may travel and begin work on their capstone projects.     The halls may be quieter without the chatter of faculty and students but our Admissions Office will remain busy as we begin to match documents to applications.   The deadline for fall 2012 admission consideration for our MIA, MPA, and MPA-DP programs is quickly approaching.    The application and all required documents must be submitted to our office by January 5th, 2012… a little less than a month away. The sooner an application is submitted, the better.   Once  an application is submitted and the fee is paid  we print the application and start a file in our office.  This will allow us to track documents associated with each application.    Applicants can then view the documents received by logging in to the application site.   The tracking process does not begin until an application is submitted.   Submitting your application well before the deadline will ensure that we have the most time possible to communicate with you and can start reviewing  files soon after the January 5th deadline. If you have questions about the program or about your application, please contact our office at +1.212.854.6216 or at sipa_admission@columbia.edu.

The Role Of Science And Religion An Organism s Success...

An evolution depends on an organism’s success at catching the attention of a mate, due to the fact that without a mate, an evolution cannot occur. Furthermore, a biological evolution makes reference to the cumulative changes in a population over time. The way it occurs is through species’ genes going through mutation and recombine in order for reproduction to occur. Therefore, a sexual reproduction must occur is by combining half of its genes with another organism’s genes. To put it differently, evolution is not a random process, however, what is random is the natural selection acts to could arise. Biological evolution is important due to the fact that, â€Å"is the central organizing principle of modern biology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.provides a scientific explanation for why there are so many different kinds of organisms on Earth and how all organisms on this planet are part of an evolutionary lineage†(Science, Evolution, and Creationism). The relationship between science and religion can be approached by three features: sociological, historical, and epistemological. In these views sometimes science and religion are compatible and in others incompatible, due to the reason that science is based on the objective of knowledge. However, religion utilizes knowledge of the objective just as knowledge utilizes the subjective. Like the book states, â€Å"Some people reject any science that contains the word ‘evolution’; others reject all forms of religion†¦.. Evolution is science, however, and only science

Critical Theory in Wuthering Heights - 1443 Words

In Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, readers are introduced to a variety of conflicts and clashing characteristics. Even though this is common in many novels, many of these conflicts take place within one character then progress into external conflicts between characters. For example what caused Catherine to pick Edgar over Heathcliff? Did she love Edgar more? Or was her love for him forged by her superego as defined in Sigmund Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams? Even the character herself is unsure of her true desires, which leads to the major conflicts within her, others, and between characters. This is just one of the numerous examples of issues which ensue throughout the course of this novel. In order to properly analyze the†¦show more content†¦That will do to explain my secret, as well as the other. Ive no more business to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven; and if the wicked man in there had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldnt have thought of it.† (Bronte 329) This is an excellent example of Catherine’s unconscious exposing itself through her dreams. This dream shows that she knows that she has no right to marry Edgar, who is approximated with heaven, while, at the same time, showing that her true home is at Wuthering Heights, with Heathcliff. In a way, her unconscious was telling her that she belongs with Heathcliff, yet she chose to ignore it. She picked Edgar mostly based on his power and money, which was the most important thing to her at this point. The unconscious is never directly shown but tends to be seen in passive aggressive behavior. In Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff was pretty much always the bottom of the totem pole. This seems to be the main motive of his revenge. There is a possibility that Heathcliff is suffering from a strange form of Oedipus Complex, because after Mr. Earnshaw died, Hindley seemed to take over the role as male caretaker (even though he never really cared for Heathcliff) which seemed to in a sense, harbor Heathcliff’s hatred and desire to remove Hindley from this role so he could take over as head of the household as well as claim Catherine as his own. However, his low standings make itShow MoreRelatedThe Uncanny And Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1746 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment 1: Critical Commentary Freud’s The Uncanny and Emily Brontà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights The principal idea in Sigmund Freud’s interpretation of The Uncanny theory centres around the Heimlich, translating to ‘homely’ and thus, what is familiar, and the Unheimlich, which is often translated to what is ‘Uncanny’ defined as ‘what is [†¦] frightening precisely because it is not known and familiar’ (Freud, 1919) or later described as something that is ‘secretly familiar which has undergone repression’Read MoreCritical Commentary On Freud s The Dream Work 1966 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Commentary From Sigmund Freud’s The Dream-work, in Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis The main focus of Freud’s essay centres on the idea that there are two forms the dream can take, the manifest dream, and the latent dream. The process by which the latent dream transforms into the manifest dream is called the ‘dream-work’, and the opposite is the individual’s ‘work of interpretation’. He explains that the ‘dream-work’ consists of four main elements that allow the individual to formRead More Vengeance in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights2442 Words   |  10 PagesVengeance in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights Love, betrayal and revenge play leading roles in both Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Emily Bronte’s â€Å"Wuthering Heights.† Both works feature doomed relationships, a ghostly haunting, and death. The court at Elsinore, despite its luxurious setting, almost mirrors the seclusion of the Yorkshire moors of Wuthering Heights — making both settings almost prison like. But, it is not setting that makes both works interesting: it is theRead MoreJane Bronte s Wuthering Heights2486 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay will discuss the way in which the themes of Romance and the Gothic are portrayed heavily in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s novel, Wuthering Heights, while also being juxtaposed with dogged Realism, in a way that makes Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s work significant and unprecedented. It aims to highlight how contemporary interpretations of the text as a timeless love story have undermined the powerful realism put forth by Brontà «, in her deliberate language and refusal of societa l conventions. It will also analyse the extent to whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Wuthering Heights And The Poisonwood Bible1468 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"underdog† mold, for they are unable to stand against the wrongs dealt unto them until a later time or event when they are better suited to fight back; thereby gaining the reader’s sympathy and vote for eventual victory over their antagonist. In Wuthering Heights and The Poisonwood Bible, the victimized children lacked outside support from other members of their respective communities. The same does not have to be true in the U.S. Americans have theRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 2133 Words   |  9 PagesKimberly Boots Ms. Loomis AP Literature and Composition 16 January 2015 The Meaning Behind It All Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights is not only one of the most widely read books in America, but it also encourages different critical approaches. One of the most interesting approaches is the psychoanalytical approach in this circumstance. Through the entirety of this book it is understood that defending oneself in different ways is a way to escape the stresses of reality. â€Å"Our unconscious desiresRead MoreThe Madwoman in the Attic4718 Words   |  19 PagesPublished: Jun. 2011 Abstract: As an outstanding representative of the second-wave feminism, The Madwoman in the Attic is still useful in handling the relationship between women and language, especially when it is in comparison with other strands of theory. Culturally, women writers’ revision of the existing male discourse that the book suggests bears remarkable resemblance with de Certeau’s tactic against strategy. Psychoanalytically, women writers’ pursuit of successful foremothers corresponds wellRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesliving. Artists of ‘Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood’ claimed to write only true about nature, concentrate only on the true ideas. These three years saw the rise of such works: of Bronte sisters’ Poems, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, William Thackeray’s Vanity Fair. The Following twenty years could be seen as the high period of ‘Victorian novel’. Despite being a mixture of boom and slump, the years of 1850-1870 were recognized by the economic growth. The nation was the richestRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pagesand research projects), and skills you have learned, stressing what might be most important for graduate school. Identify specific areas of interest and note one or two research topics that interest you the most. Demonstrate your understanding of ―theoryâ€â€" and your knowledge of disciplinary-specific methodologies. 3. Discuss work, internship, and research experiences relevant to your field or course of study: Identify and briefly describe these experiences, and, of course, note all relevant informationRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pagesprotagonist/s; (b) the society into which the protagonist/s is/are included. Society itself is often considered as a character, j ust as an opposing party would be considered in a Person vs. Person conflict. An example in literature would be â€Å"Wuthering Heights† by Emily Bronte. The conflict between an individual and a societal order (poverty, racial hostility, injustice, exploitation, inequality, violation of human rights, etc.) may be open or hidden. Person vs. Nature is the type of conflict that

Media Review Free Essays

Al Gore’s environmental campaign is really becoming a very significant endeavor in this modern period. It is not only because of the fact that environmental degradation has really brought forth devastating effects in almost every parts of the world but also because of the idea that people all over the world have started to pay attention to the environmental problems. Global warming has been the focus of Al Gore’s environmental campaign. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now He showed how such phenomenon could really lead to serious environmental problem such as the intense change in climate, melting of the ice caps of the Polar Regions, health hazards to people due to intense heat, the ozone depletion, and many other environmental issues (Gore). According to Al Gore, that which could only lessen the effects of such global warming, if not really prevent them, is by being aware and having concern about environmental problems. Being aware, as he stressed out, is not enough. But being involved and participating in environmental check-ups and environmental preservation and protection are the most effective ways in solving the problems in the environment (Gore). Though Al Gore is becoming a political figure – which means that his endeavor in making the people realize the importance of caring for the environment can be seen by others as a form of political strategy to get the trust of the public, he becomes very firm on saying that his campaign has nothing to do with politics or something about it. He argues that even if he is not a public official or even if he is not holding any public office, he can still help the American government in treating the problems in the environment. Like what he said, everyone and anyone can do something about the environmental problems that are being experienced in this period. One need not have any political power to do it. Saving the world from the detrimental effects of environmental problems such as global warming can really be solved by having knowledge about and concern for the environment. Work Cited: Gore, Al. An Inconvenient Truth: The Crisis of Global Warming . Viking Juvenile , 2007. Â   How to cite Media Review, Essay examples

Personality Disorder of Hannibal Lecter Essay Example

Personality Disorder of Hannibal Lecter Paper What Personality Disorder Does Hannibal Lecter Have in The Silence of the Lambs? The movie that I decided to choose was The Silence of the Lambs. I have seen this movie quite a few times, and I still love it every time that I see it. Serial killers have always peaked my interest. The movie has three main characters in it: Hannibal Lector, Clarise Starling, and â€Å"Buffalo Bob. † Clarisse goes to Lector for advice on how to catch the sociopath â€Å"Buffalo Bob†. Along the way Clarisse finds out more about herself and Lector, eventually even beginning to think like him. I feel that Hannibal Lector and â€Å"Buffalo Bob† possibly have antisocial personality disorder. A personality disorder is when a person has unmovable traits that impair their social and/or occupational functioning, but they are in touch with reality. A personality disorder usually begins before adulthood and persists through one’s lifespan, with very little change. A person with disorder is very hard to treat due to the fact they think they don’t have a problem, that it is the rest of the world with a problem. Antisocial personality disorder is where someone constantly disregards other’s rights, is charming, has no shame or remorse, doesn’t have guilt, can’t form passionate relationships, blunt and insensitive, projects a bully image, makes other’s feel fear, don’t take responsibility for their actions, is a risk-taker, hard-nosed, puts their aggression unto others, and they fear losing control. Those that take the legal route tend to go into the military, police force, or business where they are often successful. For example, Lector was a renowned psychologist. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Disorder of Hannibal Lecter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Disorder of Hannibal Lecter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Disorder of Hannibal Lecter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Antisocial personality disorder is very hard to treat because the person with the disorder may not want, or think they need, treatment. Because of the fact that antisocial personality disorder is essentially a way of being, rather than a condition that is curable, people that are affected are most likely to need close, long term care and follow-up. There are a few different ways to treat this disorder which include psychotherapy, medications, and hospitalization. Psychotherapy is the process of treating a condition by talking about it with a therapist. The types of psychotherapy used may include: cognitive therapy, which helps to uncover bad thoughts/beliefs and replace them with good ones; Psychodynamic psychotherapy, which aims to raise awareness of unconscious thoughts and behaviors and by bringing them to the conscious mind, resolving them; psychoeducation which teaches every aspect of a condition, including treatments, coping strategies, and problem solving skills. This may be done in single sessions, group sessions, or sessions involving family or friends. Medications include antidepressants, improve depressed mood, anger, impulsivity, irritability or hopelessness; mood stabilizing, which help even out mood swings or reduce irritability, impulsivity and aggression; anti-anxiety meds, which help with anxiety, agitation or insomnia. But in some cases, they can increase impulsive behavior; anti-psychotic meds, which may be helpful if symptoms include losing touch with reality (psychosis) or, in some cases, anxiety or anger problems are present. Hospitalization occurs when nothing else has worked, and the person is severely troubled and may hurt themselves or others.

Freelance Writing 101

Freelance Writing 101 Freelance Writing 101 Freelance Writing 101 By Guest Author Do you want to make a living as a writer? Perhaps its a dream youve always dismissed as impossible, and youve got a sensible day job, or a busy family life. But youve never given up your love of words. Ill let you into a secret. You can make your writing pay. I do, and so do lots of the people I know. Forget what youve heard about ridiculously low rates – it is still possible to make a professional rate from your freelancing. Heres how. Step 1: Pick Your Speciality When I started out freelancing, I offered everything from website creation to editing and proofreading. This only ended up confusing me and my clients, and often meant I worked on jobs which didnt really interest me. Nowadays, I focus almost exclusively on writing for blogs, and do the occasional magazine piece. Dont be tempted to offer every words-related service under the sun. It wont get you more clients. Think of it this way: if you were hiring a designer to create your business cards, would you go for the guy who does everything from website design to logos to billboards – or would you pick the guy who just does business cards? One quick word of advice: its far easier to make money from non-fiction than from fiction writing. By all means keep up with your fiction on the side (I know I do!) but dont rely on it to pay the rent. Some broad areas where you could position yourself are: Feature writing for magazines and newspapers Writing articles for websites and blogs Technical writing Copywriting (promotional or sales focused writing) Ghostwriting Writing resumes Of course, within many of these areas, you could drill down even further, particularly as you become more established as a freelancer. Step 2: Get Some Clips and Testimonials Freelance photographers and designers have portfolios. Freelancer writers have clips or samples – examples of your writing which clients can look at when theyre deciding whether or not to hire you. Obviously, youll want to make sure that your clips show your very best writing. You might feel like this is a Catch-22 situation: you need clips to get hired, but if youve never been hired, how can you have any professional pieces of writing to show off? Theres an easy answer: you produce some pieces of writing for free. You could simply write a few samples which will never see publication except on your business website (more on that in a moment), but you could use this as an opportunity to get publication credits by: Doing pro bono (free) work for a charity or non-profit organisation Guest posting for a large blog Writing for your local newspaper or a free magazine Honing a resume for your friend Where possible, stick with the area youre specialising in: clients looking for a copywriter may be surprised if all your samples are book reviews, for instance. As well as getting clips, youll want some testimonials. Usually, all you need to do is ask! Assuming that the people youve done free work for were happy with the results, theyll often be delighted to give you a testimonial. Never make up testimonials. Its unethical, it would be hugely damaging if anyone found out, and real testimonials always sound more convincing, too. Dont be afraid to use testimonials which include some doubts or negativity (e.g. I wasnt sure what to expect from Joe Writer because Id not seen any of his work before but I was delighted with the finished piece.) These are likely to be reassuring to prospective clients, who may well have the same doubts. Step 3: Setting Up In Business The process for setting up as a self-employed writer differs from country to country. Check out whats required in your own country, and make sure you file any relevant paperwork. Dont put this off indefinitely because you think its going to be a lot of hassle – in many cases, you can do it all online. If you dont have a PayPal account, Id strongly recommend setting one up. This is particularly crucial if youre going to be working for online clients (such as blog editors or website owners), most of whom will want to pay via PayPal. Its also extremely useful if youre going to be paid in foreign currency, as PayPal handles the converting. Depending on your specialisation and the market youre targeting, you may also want: Business cards and letter headed paper Software packages (e.g. Microsoft Office, invoicing software) A fax machine and a business telephone line Dont be tempted to go out and buy a ton of home office equipment right at the start of your freelancing journey – especially if you have yet to make any money. You may well want to upgrade your computer or your broadband connection, or you may want a new desk and chair once you start freelancing full-time, but if your writing is currently confined to a few hours at the weekend, you dont need to go out and spend lots of money yet. Your Website One real essential is your website. Its so easy and cheap to set a website up nowadays that clients will be surprised if you dont have one. Plus, theres no easier way to showcase your writing clips and testimonials: your website can be accessed from anywhere in the world, at any time. Absolute essentials for your website are: Have your own domain name. This could be your own name (yourname.com) or your company name. Id recommend going for the latter, especially if you might ever want to sell your business. Dont look amateur. Ideally, youd want to pay for a custom website design – but if youre starting out on a shoestring, use WordPress and look for a template which you like. Many are free, some cost just a few dollars. Check and proof-read your site. Missing links and typos look sloppy. Youre a writer, so make sure your website itself is a great example of your writing. Make it very easy to contact you. Some clients like to use a contact form, others prefer to email directly – offer both options. Unless you have strong reasons not to, give a phone number as well. Step 4: Learn All You Can Ive put this step now because its easy to get bogged down in learning about writing and business, without actually taking any action. Its definitely important to keep improving your skills – but not to the exclusion of actually using those skills. Plus, I know from experience how easy it is to buy books, courses and training materials and leave them gathering dust on the shelf. There are loads of great resources out there for new freelancer writers, so browse around and get friends recommendations so that youve got a good idea of what will work for you. There are two broad areas where youll want to keep learning: Your Writing Simply writing regularly, and polishing your work to professional standards, will teach you a lot – but you can accelerate your progress by making a conscious effort to learn. This might mean: Make sure youve mastered the basics. If your grasp of grammar is shaky, get a good basic book and take your time over studying. This may be a bit dull, but it is important. Following top writing-related blogs: Daily Writing Tips of course, but there are many other great ones like Copyblogger and Men with Pens. Read examples from great writers in your field. For example, if youre a copywriter, look out for pieces of brilliant sales writing. Keep a swipe file of your favourites – study them, figure out what theyre doing. Ask a fellow writer for feedback. If youre struggling with a particular piece, a second pair of eyes can often help you spot problems or flaws. Your Business Some people are brilliant writers – but terrible at doing business. They may end up failing due to a lack of marketing, an inability to meet deadlines, or an awful grasp on cash-flow. To get your head around business matters: Schedule regular time for admin. Youll need to contact prospective clients, send invoices, keep detailed records for tax purposes, and so on. Stay as organised as possible. Write deadlines onto a calendar, and plan ahead. Know how much time you have available in any given week. File all papers relating to one job in the same place, so that you can find them again when necessary. If the idea of marketing and self-promotion terrifies you, then start small. Use a blog and Twitter to gather a following online. Encourage customers to recommend you to friends (perhaps providing an incentive). Read freelancing and small business blogs: Freelance Switch, Freelance Folder and IttyBiz are three great ones. Good luck with your freelance writing journey – and dont forget to have lots of fun along the way! About the Author: Ali Hale is a freelance blogger, and author of The Bloggers Guide to Effective Writing – an ebook which covers everything you need to know about writing brilliant blog posts. Check Out Other Articles from The Writing 101 Series: The Writing Process Creative Writing 101 Story Writing 101 Letter Writing 101 Business Writing 101 Freelance Writing 101 Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers30 Baseball IdiomsHow Do You Pronounce "Mozart"?

Richard Howe - Royal Navy Richard Howe

Richard Howe - Royal Navy Richard Howe Richard Howe - Early Life Career: Born March 8, 1726, Richard Howe was the son of Viscount Emanuel Howe and Charlotte, Countess of Darlington. The half-sister of King George I, Howes mother wielded political influence which aided in her sons military careers. While his brothers George and William pursued careers in army, Richard elected to go to sea and received a midshipmans warrant in the Royal Navy in 1740. Joining HMS Severn (50 guns), Howe took part in Commodore George Ansons expedition to the Pacific that fall. Though Anson eventually circumnavigated the globe, Howes ship was forced to turn back after failing to round Cape Horn. As the War of the Austrian Succession raged, Howe saw service in the Caribbean aboard HMS Burford (70) and took part in the fighting at La Guaira, Venezuela in February 1743. Made an acting lieutenant after the action, his rank was made permanent the next year. Taking command of the sloop HMS Baltimore in 1745, he sailed off the coast of Scotland in support of operations during the Jacobite Rebellion. While there, he was badly wounded in the head while engaging a pair of French privateers. Promoted to post-captain a year later, at the young age of twenty, Howe received command of the frigate HMS Triton (24). The Seven Years War: Moving to Admiral Sir Charles Knowles flagship, HMS Cornwall (80), Howe captained the vessel during operations in the Caribbean in 1748. Taking part in the October 12 Battle of Havana, it was his last major action of the conflict. With the arrival of peace, Howe was able to retain sea-going commands and saw service in the Channel and off Africa. In 1755, with the French Indian War underway in North America, Howe sailed across the Atlantic in command of HMS Dunkirk (60). Part of Vice Admiral Edward Boscawens squadron, he aided in the capture of Alcide (64) and Lys (22) on June 8. Returning to the Channel Squadron, Howe took part in the naval descents against Rochefort (September 1757) and St. Malo (June 1758). Commanding HMS Magnanime (74), Howe played a key role in capturing Ile de Aix during the former operation. In July 1758, Howe was elevated to title of Viscount Howe in the Irish Peerage following the death of his older brother George at the Battle of Carillon. Later that summer he participated in raids against Cherbourg and St. Cast. Retaining command of Magnanime, he played a role in Admiral Sir Edward Hawkes stunning triumph at the Battle of Quiberon Bay on November 20, 1759. A Rising Star: With the war concluding, Howe was elected to Parliament representing Dartmouth in 1762. He retained this seat until his elevation to the House of Lords in 1788. The following year, he joined the Admiralty Board before becoming Treasurer of the Navy in 1765. Fulfilling this role for five years, Howe was promoted to rear admiral in 1770 and given command of the Mediterranean Fleet. Elevated to vice admiral in 1775, he held sympathetic views pertaining to the rebelling American colonists and was an acquaintance of Benjamin Franklin. The American Revolution: As a result of these feelings, the Admiralty appointed him to command the North American Station in 1776, in the hope that he could aid in quieting the American Revolution. Sailing across the Atlantic, he and his brother, General William Howe, who was commanding British land forces in North America, were appointed as peace commissioners. Embarking his brothers army, Howe and his fleet arrived off New York City in the summer of 1776. Supporting Williams campaign to take the city, he landed the army on Long Island in late August. After brief campaign, the British won the Battle of Long Island. In the wake of the British victory, the Howe brothers reached out to their American opponents and convened a peace conference on Staten Island. Taking place on September 11, the Richard Howe met with Franklin, John Adams, and Edward Rutledge. Despite several hours of discussions, no agreement could be reached and the Americans returned to their lines. While William completed the capture of New York and engaged General George Washingtons army, Richard was under orders to blockade the North American coast. Lacking the necessary number of vessels, this blockade proved porous. Howes efforts to seal American ports were further hampered by the need to provide naval support to army operations. In the summer of 1777, Howe transported his brothers army south and up the Chesapeake Bay to commence its offensive against Philadelphia. While his brother defeated Washington at Brandywine, captured Philadelphia, and won again at Germantown, Howes ships worked to reduce the American defenses in the Delaware River. This complete, Howe withdrew the fleet to Newport, RI for the winter. In 1778, Howe was deeply insulted when he learned of the appointment of a new peace commission under the guidance of the Earl of Carlisle. Angered, he submitted his resignation which was reluctantly accepted by the First Sea Lord, the Earl of Sandwich. His departure was soon delayed as France entered the conflict and a French fleet appeared in American waters. Led by the Comte dEstaing, this force was unable to catch Howe at New York and was prevented from engaging him at Newport due to a severe storm. Returning to Britain, Howe became an outspoken critic of Lord Norths government. These views kept him from receiving another command until Norths government fell in early 1782. Taking command of the Channel Fleet, Howe found himself outnumbered by the combined forces of the Dutch, French, and Spanish. Adroitly shifting forces when needed, he succeeded in protecting convoys in the Atlantic, holding the Dutch in port, and conducting the Relief of Gibraltar. This last action saw his ships deliver reinforcements and supplies to the beleaguered British garrison which had been under siege since 1779. Wars of the French Revolution Known as Black Dick due to his swarthy complexion, Howe was made First Lord of the Admiralty in 1783 as part of William Pitt the Youngers government. Serving for five years, he faced debilitating budget constraints and complaints from unemployed officers. Despite these issues, he succeeded in maintaining the fleet in a state of readiness. With the beginning of Wars of the French Revolution in 1793, he received command of the Channel Fleet despite his advanced age. Putting to sea the following year, he won a decisive victory at the Glorious First of June, capturing six ships of the line and sinking a seventh. After the campaign, Howe retired from active service but retained several commands at the wish of King George III. Beloved by the sailors of the Royal Navy, he was called upon to aid in putting down the 1797 Spithead mutinies. Understanding the demands and needs of the men, he was able to negotiate an acceptable solution which saw pardons issued for those who had mutinied, pay raises, and the transfer of unacceptable officers. Knighted in 1797, Howe lived another two years before dying on August 5, 1799. He was buried in the family vault at St. Andrews Church, Langar-cum-Barnstone. Selected Sources NNDB: Richard Howe Napoleon Guide: Admiral Richard Howe

Rewrite Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Rewrite Response - Essay Example It would be more logical that as women have a bigger say in the content of comic strips there would be an incline in positive representation of female characters. Because I do not read comic books frequently, I found Scott McClouds’ comic strip somewhat difficult to comprehend, more often getting lost in the design. However, his pursuit for modification of genres in comic book, to diverge from the conventional male superhero/damsel in distress story flow that encompasses various gender labels. I settle with McCloud on the control of comic books, and the effect they can have on the person who read, similarly as we are influenced by print and mass media. Hence, the significance of the need for comic books authors to streamline gender disparities in comics and use their control to change the gender labels. According to As Glascock and Preston-Schreck findings, despite noticeable progress has manifested in the inclusion of women and girls in print media comics in the recent 20 years, many predetermined labels in day to day comics in recent paper remain benchmarks in current papers(428). Underrepresentation women is not limited only to comic books but also the media as well, if this continues the thinking of people our society will remain conventional and will hamper drive towards gender equality. I disagree with the part McCloud’s comic when he wrote that in certain circumstances, the fight for gender balance and representation of minority seem at balances with genre issues. The preceding two reasons for representation of the world as it is through a body of work, yet the later seems bent toward our concern to diverge form it (124). My view of extending genres does not mean deterrence from reality; rather a paradigm of focus from male dominated storylines to more gender- balance plots, and holistic inclusion of women. My opinion is that the three goals are intertwined and with a more varied genres it is possible to instill

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics - Essay Example In doing, economic analysis equally considers the assumptions and constraints in application. At the same time, it considers opportunity costs, probable benefits, and social costs related to a certain economic venture. However, the main objective of an economic analysis is to determine how to allocate goods and services using the most accurate economic tools. Additionally, economic analysis defines how government policies and changes in standard rules in the market can affect the stakeholders. Economic analysis involves cost-benefit analysis to ascertain the level of the gains compared to the losses with an aim of maximizing the gains. Economic analysis equally involves welfare analysis that seeks to foster cost-benefit analysis in relation to promoting social responsibility. Therefore, it establishes the viability of a project, the fiscal impact, the possibility of recovering costs, social welfare, and environmental compliance. As such, economic analysis is most beneficial if it tak es place at the initial stages since at later stages it can only determine the going concern of the project2. To achieve this, economic analysis relies on various economic theories, economic models, and economic concepts as articulated by various economists. In arriving at conclusive answers, it uses measurable monetary terms like profits and losses as well as no measurable terms like human suffering and effects on the environment. This paper will carry out an economic analysis on an economic article using relevant economic theories/concepts. Economic theories/concepts Different economists have taken time to research and come up with respective economic theories. Some of the famous economic theorists include Karl Marx, Adam Smith, Friedrich Hayek, John Maynard Keynes, and Milton Friedman3. Indeed, Adam Smith came up with the modern economic theory that sought to establish that individuals pursue their own interests in producing the required goods and services in the market. He concl uded that an invisible hand, competition, supply and demand, and self-interest are responsible for allocating scarce resources in the society4. Karl Max on the other hand invented the modern communism theory by incorporation politics in economics. He concluded that workers are part of the production and should thus own part of the production process. However, this theory did not consider profit sharing, incentive, and worker safety standards. On the other hand, Milton Friedman came up with the consumption theory, that later became the monetarism theory. According to him, the government can modulate a natural rate of unemployment at the expense of inflation. He was thus against government regulation and advocated for free market economics. Other theories include classical economics, Keynesian economics, and market socialism theories. We equally have economic concepts that have significant application in economic analysis. Economic concepts include Scarcity that leads to opportunity c ost. We also have limits on production that include capital, labor, and natural resources. Then we have globalization that generates costs and benefits. Additionally, there is the Economic growth that emanates from future investments. Moreover, we have the forces of demand and supply that determine market equilibrium. Furthermore, we have unemployment that defines underutilization of available resources. In addition, Government, business, and individuals gauge the costs and benefits of a given project. Indeed,

SABMillers Strategic position

SABMillers Strategic position Identify SABMillers Strategic position: In order to Identify the companys position; it is important to carry out its Business external analysis; it is also essential to identify its core competences and capabilities as well as stakeholder expectations in order to successfully identify the companys strategic position. SABMillers External Analysis: In order to asses SABMillers external analysis; I have constructed a PESTEL analysis (appendix 1); Porters 5 forces (appendix 2); THE BCG matrix (appendix 3) and its competition Analysis (appendix 4). After conducting Porters five forces of the Brewing Industry; I have found many interesting outcomes relating to SABMiller as the overall markets of the brewing industry arent clearly attractive; its performance depends on the ability to expand its market share and exploit opportunities in the emerging markets. However, the brewing industry in growing markets, which SABMiller operates, is highly attractive but not for new entrants; its especially attractive for the dominant players in the Industry; which in this case SABMiller is one of them. After analysing my Porters 5 forces; it is conclusive that it would be extremely hard for new entrants to compete in these emerging markets due to the high dominance of the main competitors. I have also observed other good points such as the low level of power within suppliers; however the power of suppliers is increasing especially in USA due to the rising costs of energy and Aluminium but in under developed countries; it is conclusive that SABMiller has the overall power of its suppliers; as its an international brewer; finding suppliers wouldnt be a major issue. Its Conclusive that the power of Buyers is very high; due to the end consumer having a growing number of choices from other brewers as there are no switching costs; the end consumer can choose any drink to have so its up to the brewing companies to emphasise its targeted customers to drink its products. It is also conclusive that the power of substitutes is low but it is significantly growing. Due to the modern consciousness of healthy living; low calorie beers and non alcoholic beverages are increasing in volume; this doesnt affect SABMiller as much compared to other brewers as the company it self produces alternative products to beer such as the low calorie versions; SABMiller has also recently entered wine and soft drinks market in Africa as Im predicting more of this similar strategic activity will occur in other markets. From the PESTEL; Porters 5 forces and the Competition Analysis; I am concluding that SABMiller operates in developing as well as matured markets. These markets include very challenging aspects which in the past has limited the threat of new entrants. These markets include very tough competition; as rivalry in the Brewing Industry is increasingly high. These markets tend to have a fragmented brewing industry and it is essential to have extensive capital and knowledge to setup a brewing enterprise. In developed and more matured markets the industry is consolidated and dominated by a few, larger players. As such, these large companies, like SABMiller tend to own multiple brands with different market positions. In this market, it is much easier for competitors to launch rival products that compete directly on price and thus eroding market share. After analysing the companys competition; SABMiller has and still is experiencing this problem; For example in North America; especially recently where InBev has bought Anheuser-Busch; this has helped the dominant Brewer to enlarge a further space between themselves and SABMiller; which has affected the companys market share future plans deeply. SABMiller now has to come up with new innovative ideas to try and close the gap between them and A-B InBev. The American Industry is the largest brewing market by value as rivalry is now more intense than ever; meaning more competitors are entering into a price war with SABMiller. This has become a huge threat for SABMiller; but it does also hold opportunities to weaken this threat down. For example the company has the opportunity to acquire more stakes in the Brazilian Market; or become the owner of China resources which is the largest brewer in China. Both these markets I have mentioned are matured yet and still hold many growing estimates. After conducting a stakeholder analysis; I have come up with simple assessments that SABMiller had to make some strategic choices to please its key players. SABs acquisition of Miller was largely due to the pressure from the London Stock Exchange. It is felt that SAB was at risk due to its over reliance of soft currencies in certain market. This resulted in a poor performance in the London Stock Exchange in the year of 2000. Even though their core competences were elsewhere, SAB went on with the takeover to please the stakeholders. Media and analysts have come out with unfavourable reports on SABMiller. These particular stakeholders needed to be pleased. From my BCG Matrix; its conclusive that its Western European operations are a dog and SABMiller should ideally get out of the market as further investment will end up little positive results. But this wont be possible due to the investors expectations of a market presence in Western Europe. Internal Analysis: SABMillers Core Competences: Core Competences are the skills and abilities by which Resources are deployed through an Organisations activities and processes such as to achieve competitive advantage in ways that others cannot imitate or obtain. (J.S.W. 8th Edition; p852: Glossary) From the very beginning, SABMiller had developed unique competences in analysing its business environment; meaning that the company expertises in analysing a market that is aiming to operate in. SABMillers activities are heavily influenced by the political, social and legislative environmental factors within which it operates; meaning this has made the company proactive when dealing with macro factors. SABMillers South African culture has shaped the strategic development of the company. It is this culture, which makes their distinct capability of entering emerging markets less imitable. As highlighted in the case study, SABMillers strategy represents a synthesis of learning based on the historical developments of the company (J.S.W. 8th Edition; Case Study: SABMiller; McQuade, 2006). Mapping out the early days in South Africa, SABMillers strategy was flexible and responsive to the market. SABMiller acquired local brewing businesses to enable them to grow and overcome certain business restrictions through acquisition. SABMiller also expanded their portfolio to include wine, matches and the Sun City casino resort. When the political regime and the regulatory environment lifted, SABMiller developed three mega-breweries in South Africa. By being at ease in these types of challenging environments it enables SABMiller to aggressively grow and capture market share when arguably other firms would be paralysed by fear. Instead, SABMiller are able to scan their external environment and turn threats into opportunities. In doing so, providing a distinct set of capabilities, which is very difficult to imitate. The tough African roots have given SABMiller the confidence and self belief to come up with solutions during tough conditions in developing markets. The company is also very experienced in dealing with very sensitive governments and local communities. These efforts also show that they are very flexible. SAB used its expert management skills learnt from Africa, to turnaround Millers fortunes. Traditional SAB system of employee performance rating was used in Miller. These efforts earned them the name turnaround specialists. The parenting style of SABMiller adds value to the breweries. In the new markets they retain the brand, but transforming the business by adding quality and consistency to the beer. They develop the marketing, distribution productivity and capacity of the business. SABMiller is highly experienced in acquisitions and takeovers. This competency gave them the confidence to take risks and takeover high profile targets like Grupo Empresarial Bavaria. As in the case of Miller, SABMiller added further value in to the company by bringing its own operating practices and management skills. After conducting the companys analysis; it is conclusive that SABMiller has shown outstanding flexibility from its very origin. Its decisions during the apartheid period show a core competency in developing strategic choices and environmental scanning. The emergence of competitors in its prime markets is a case of concern. In future, SABMiller will have to face tough competition from its rivals; a glimpse was seen in the USA market. The key to SABMillers success will be its strategic brand management and its brand portfolio. SABMillers generic strategy and core competences The BCG Matrix mainly relates to the markets which SABMiller is currently operating in. These tools all relate to the brewing Industry; as its the industry which relates and particularly affects SABMiller. The chosen sequence for the analysis not only provides an insight into SABs environment, but also facilitates assessing opportunities for the future, as most investors see a need for SAB to enter the developed market.

India Post Strategy

Term Project ? Table of Contents Operations Constraints Matrix3 Flexibility3 Cost5 Quality7 Structural Decisions7 Capacity7 Facilities8 Process Technology9 Sourcing and Vertical Integration10 Infrastructural Decisions12 Operations Constraints Matrix Flexibility is about the operation being able to change what it does quickly. How quickly can the organization change the mix of products and services it is offering to the customer? Changing consumer tastes affects demand levels and the product range desired.For an organization to stay competitive, it needs to be able to respond to these changes with flexibility. †¢Can the organization react to demand changes and increase or decrease the volume of output in response? †¢Is a wide range of products or services on offer? Can the organization bring new product/service designs to market quickly so it is in a position to meet changing customer needs? Providing flexibility in delivery options, both the manner and the timing give an op portunity for differentiation. In case of Indian Postal Service, they are high on flexibility parameter.The range of products / services for Indian Post suits to people from all economic level, almost all customers can avail all the services of India Post in all location. India Post postal services are under two heads, Mail services and Premium Services. Mail Services LetterThe communication is enclosed in an envelope and addressed Inland letter cardCommunication is contained on a sheet of paper with prescribed size & folding, for transmission within India only. Post cardOpen communication on a card of prescribed size. Available in two varieties: Single & reply post card. Post cards are for transmission within India only.Printed Post cardPost cards containing communication recorded by printing, cyclostyling or by any other mechanical process are classified as ‘Printed Post Cards'. Printed matter includes printed pictures also. Blind literature packetPapers of any kind, periodi cals and books impressed in â€Å"Braille† or other special type for the use of blind are allowed to be transmitted by post as Blind literature packets. ParcelAnything can be sent in a parcel excepting articles whose transmission is prohibited. RegistrationThe postal article that is registered is given identification and is recorded at every stage of handling.Letters, letter cards, Book and Pattern Packets, Parcels, News papers prepaid with postage may be registered for transmission at any post office. The registered postal article is delivered specifically to the addressee. VPL/VPPThe Value Payable Letter or Value Payable Parcel is paid for at the time of receipt. Premium Services Speed PostSpeed Post is market leader in domestic express industry, for providing time-bound and express delivery of letters ’ documents and parcels across the nation and around the world Express ParcelExpress Parcel Post is an ideal service for sending the parcels up to 35 kg within India.I t is fast and reliable, provides door-to-door convenience and pick-up from customer’s premises service. Business PBusiness Post is a one-stop shop service to manage entire mail-out process. It provides cost-effective and professional mailing services, including printing, collating, inserting, sealing, and addressing to meet specific business needs. Media PostMedia Post is an innovative and effective vehicle for Brand and Marketing Managers to communicate their corporate message across the nation.Greeting PostGreeting Post is an innovative product of India Post comprises of a card with envelop with pre-printed postage stamp upon the envelope. It used to express yourself perfectly on every occasion, festival or event. Logistics PostLogistics Post caters to any demand for moving goods, parcels and consignments in terms of delivery deadline and quality of service. It offers the possibility of monitoring the delivery progress at all times. Comparison with the other players in Post al / Courier service India PostDTDC CourierBluedart CourierNo fixed delivery time guaranteeService include next business day delivery guaranteeService include next business day delivery guarantee Media post offer advertisement opportunity to marketing managerDedicated for courier and parcel delivery, no specific service like advertising Dedicated for courier and parcel delivery, no specific service like advertising Wide reach within India, specifically high penetration in rural IndiaWide reach but rural penetration is not as deep as India PostWide reach but rural penetration is not as deep as India Post Offers registered post service, where consignment is handed over to only specific addressee General service, and couriers can be received by any individual within corporation / homeGeneral service, and couriers can be received by any individual within corporation / home Consignment tracking is limited to premium products deliveryConsignment tracking facility is available for all kind s of deliveriesConsignment tracking facility is available for all kinds of deliveries Prices band is high and weight range starts from as minimum as 25gms for deliveryPrice band is narrow and weight range starts usually from 500gmsPrice band is narrow and weight range starts usually from 500gms Single delivery timing, no customized service as customer requires, although service for guaranteed timely delivery availableConsignment delivery can be defined by customers with a minimum duration of Next business day 1030AM within same time zone Consignment delivery can be defined by customers with a minimum duration of Next business day 1030AM within same time zone No special facility for weekends like Saturday or SundaySpecial pick up facility for Saturday and delivery on SundayNo specific delivery facility for weekends Proof of delivery is claimable on paid basisProof of delivery is visible online for freeProof of delivery is visible online for free Greeting card delivery, special printe d card delivery service No special greeting card delivery service at presentNo special greeting card delivery service at present Freight on delivery service available business Freight on delivery service available business Freight on delivery service available business International deliveries service available with maximum eight of 100kgInternational deliveries service available with maximum weight of 10000kgInternational deliveries service available with maximum weight of 100kg No packing, box packaging service, pick up service available on paid basisProvide packing, loading, box packaging service, free pick up serviceProvide packing box, box packaging services, free pick up service Cost is the last objective to be discussed but clearly not the least. For organizations that have adopted a low cost strategy it is the most important objective. The lower the cost of producing the goods the lower price that can be offered to customers, which in turn will boost sales and profits. Even organizations that seek to gain their competitive advantage through differentiation are keen to lower their cost basis because that will lead to improvements in profit levels. To be able to deliver a cost advantage an organization has to analyze where operation costs are incurred.When considering a service industry, like hospitals, the biggest cost element will be staff costs, then facility and technology costs followed by bought-in materials and services. Many costs in a hospital operation are fixed and will not vary according to the number of patients treated. That is to say those facilities like beds, operating theatres or laboratories are as expensive as are the highly specialized staff. These are all needed to be available if not all of the time, then most of it. That obviously has cost implications. Generally, the level of costs depends on the volume and variety of output and how variable is demand. Variety of outputs leads to greater levels of complexity and therefore increas ed costs. Cost is dependent on the other performance objectives.Improvements in each of the other four will lead to cost reductions. The relative priority of the performance objectives is determined by the demands of customers and the actions of competitors. Making these decisions on priorities links back to the statement in the strategy of what business the organization is in and who are its customers. Selling to customers who insist on error-free products requires the organization to concentrate on its quality performance. Consumer segments that are looking for low-priced products or services will lead the organization to emphasize its cost performance. In case of India Post, reaching to the mass is part of their mission.They operate at locations where, revenues do not even cover 15% of expenses. They have more than 89% of their offices in rural areas, where the cost of operation is usually higher than revenues. Even the post office in urban areas, the target given is to earn a pr ofit of 5% beyond their operating cost. India Post caters primarily in rural areas and therefore its emphasis on offering very low / economical prices to customer irrespective of their operating cost. Private postal service agencies have their motive of earning profit from business, therefore they highly emphasize on providing value service to their customers. They focus on limited services designed to fulfill general need of customers.Their service portfolio is transforming from delight services to order winning services. They emphasize on excelling in providing order winner services and compete in limited range of services. Pricing offered by India Post: India post premier service of simple post card is in no comparison with any other service agency. It is most cost effective way of mail hitherto in India. Apart from post cards, letters, India Post offers standard fixed rates for all customers depending on distance (irrespective of place of origin or destination). Speed Post: Weig htLocal (within municipal limits)Upto 200 Kms201 to 1000 Kms1001 to 2000 KmsAbove 2000 Kms Up to 50 gramsINR 15INR 35INR 35INR 35INR 35 1 grams to 200 gramsINR 25INR 35INR 40INR 60INR 70 201 grams to 500 gramsINR 30INR 50INR 60INR 80INR 90 Additional 0. 5 kg or part thereofINR 10INR 15INR 30INR 40INR 50 Express Parcel Post: WeightLocal (within municipaI limits)Upto 500 Kms. 501 to 1000 Kms. 1001 to 2000 Kms. Above 2000 Kms. Up to 2kg3550607090 Additional 1kg or part thereof58122535 India Post does not offer the air-mail service for domestic deliveries, whereas private players like Bluedart, DTDC, and Firstflight etc have the air mail service that offers next day delivery guarantee. Therefore, the prices of services offered by different agencies can be compared on the surface mode. Cost of parcel up to 500gms 500gmsIndia PostBluedartDTDC ithin city30200 Ambala50200 Amritsar60200 Mumbai80200 Calicut90210 Cost of parcel up to 10kg 10kgIndia PostBluedartDTDC within city75250 Ludhiana114 250 Ahmadabad156290 Mumbai270290 Calicut370290 India post is more cost effective and economical than other private players. It is high on providing cost effective services to its customer than its competitors. Due to its pan India reach, and easy access in rural areas, other private players cannot compete in cost factor. Quality, whether you are running a hospital or a retail superstore, is about doing things right so that error-free goods and services are delivered that are fit for their purpose.Quality encompasses both the quality of the design of the product in terms of aesthetics, reliability and performance and the quality of the process that delivers the product or service. Quality of delivery process has direct impact on costs and dependability. Quality is a major source of customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Poor quality products or poor quality of service are likely to put the customer off returning, leading to future lost sales. For service sector like postal / couri er service, the primary quality factors can be following: †¢Ease of accessibility – availability, easy reach †¢Customer focus – language, service, waiting time Reliability of service design – useful for customer, trust on the service †¢Conformance to specifications – delivery on time as committed, rates as specified, influence to change or modify requisite service †¢High delivery performance – delivery at the right place, right time, right person Speed Speed is all about how long customers wait before receiving their service. Addressing the speed objective requires the organization to pay attention to the cycle time involved in their new product development. An organization also has to pay attention to its scheduling and capacity planning as well as inventory management to be able to deliver on the speed objective. Reducing inventory will also impact on obtaining a cost advantage. Speed is an important factor considering that a lot of parcels are required to reach on time and are often related to business.As such, almost all the courier services have a special service catering to this constraint. In case of India Post, .No. Services/TransactionSuccess IndicatorsService StandardsUnit AService Standards of various services for Departmental Post Offices 1MailsTime from posting / booking to delivery†¢ Excludes day of posting, holidays and Sundays. †¢ Maximum time. †¢ Articles posted before cut off time. Unit in Days /Minutes etc. 1. 2Delivery of First class mail i. e. , letters, postcards, Inland letter cards, etc. Local* and between Metro Cities** * Local – within Municipal City limits ** Metro- Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru. 2Days Rest of India4-6 1. 3Delivery of : †¢ Registered / Insured articles Express Parcel Post †¢ Second Class Mails i. e. Parcels, Book Packets, Registered Newspapers, etc. Local* and between Metro Cities** * Local – withi n Municipal City limits ** Metro- Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru. 3Days Rest of India5-7 1. 4Delivery of Speed Post articlesLocal* and between Metro Cities** * Local – within Municipal City limits ** Metro- Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru. 2Days Rest of India4-6 1. 5International EMS articles†¢ All International Mail articles are subject to customs examination. †¢ Period for customs examination/detention is not included in the service standards. 4-10DaysDTDC on the other hand provides a lot of services catering to this need which is case specific: DTDC Domestic2-7 daysNormal deliveries (city specific) Value added service (Speed)Days to deliverSpecifications DTDC PlusAssured Next business day delivery†¢To metros and major cities in India Prime Time Plus (PTP) PTP 10. 30 and PTP 12. 00 within the next possible business day†¢Time-critical Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Customer (B2C) Segments. â⠂¬ ¢From select origins to select pin codes at Metro locations. DTDC Blueassured second business day delivery†¢To places far and wide across the country In addition to it, DTDC provides money bank guarantee in case a delivery is not made on time on its Value added services. Blue dart Dart Surfaceline2-7 daysDistance specific Premium ServicesDart Apex1-2 daysFor commercial shipments Domestic PriorityNext dayFor time-critical parcels DP 10. 30 and DP 12. 00Time specific, within a day Blue dart, like DTDC provides money back guarantee in case a delivery is not made on time on its premium services. As such, Speed of India post is comparable to most of its competitors as far as value based services are concerned. Though, at few places delivery is guaranteed the very next day and before a specific time, which is not provided by India post. Some services like Air to Air which ask customers to collect the post from the Airport for a faster delivery is provided by some of its competitor s.Also, unlike DTDC and Blue Dart do not provide money back guarantee on a delay though they provide money back guarantee if a parcel is lost or damaged. This feature allows other players to create a better perception among consumers with respect to speed. Dependability Dependability is, of course, about consistency. An organization’s processes have to be geared up to consistently meeting a promised delivery time for a product or service. Customers are unlikely to be satisfied by an increase in delivery speed if it is not matched by consistent performance. This will require that an organization has systems in place to identify problems early and be flexible enough in its planning to be able to move to a plan B as necessary. The dependability of India post is an issue.Though its registered post is known for dependability in terms of security and handling, but the consistency in speed is still a concern in terms of dependability. The targeted dependability of 95% deliveries on time is far from the reality. Though a lot of premium services are delivered on time, but the general posts are often delayed or sometimes are even lost. When talked to an employee working in India Post, Dependability came out as one of the major reasons why people prefer high priced courier services provided by competitors over India Post. Structural Decisions An effective operations organization is one that meets the need of strategic business units competitive strategy.Therefore, once the type of differentiation has been specified , management must ensure that its operations organization is configured and managed in such a way that there is no one best way for dealing with any business problem – whether one is making, delivering, or selling a service, designing a management information / quality system, or measuring performance. In every situation, one must make choices that reflect one’s context, goals, resources and personnel. Translating the business strategy int o appropriate tangibles and intangibles involves different structural and infrastructural decisions and tradeoffs. The structural and infrastructural decisions in service industry are derived from manufacturing operations. Structural decisions address all the issues that are relevant to Capacity, Facilities, Process Technology and Sourcing (vertical integration). CapacityCapacity management is defined as â€Å"ensuring a service has the capability to meet the demand experiences, like wise capacity management is a response to demand†. Service delivery process depends on three basic factors to achieve the expected output: 1. Service load that illustrates the variety of service being offered, the variation of demand and the management of demand 2. Capacity task that illustrates forecasting methods, scheduling, bottleneck management, prioritizing and altering capacity that are used to manage capacity task successfully 3. Capacity leakage, in other words the degree that there are quality failures, scheduling losses, labor lateness, labor underperformance and changeovers FacilitiesFacility network is the configuration of an operating network in allocating various service centers and contact points. In Mail Service industry, facility is the reach of agency to the customers at different location and various services that can be offered in that service center keeping in mind the objectives and goals of company. India Post has one of the objectives as â€Å"To provide basic postal facilities, i. e. , collection and delivery of mails, within easy reach (1. 5 kms) of all people and businesses. This is to be achieved through opening of more post offices, relocation of existing post offices, giving out franchisees to individuals, shops, institutions, self-help groups, etc. In order to achieve this objective, they constantly thrive to open new service centers at desirable places and shutoff from redundant locations. Apart from post offices, there are approximately 5. 7 lacs letterboxes, processed by network of Mail Offices and conveyed by rail, road, and airlines all over the country to reach the customers. Postal operations at the post office counter encompass the entire gamut of basic postal service that include sale of stamps, booking of registered articles, insured articles, value payable articles, booking of parcels and other banking transaction. Below data shows the penetration of India Post in rural and urban segment. Year2011201020092008Urban13904089. 78%13918289. 81%13914489. 76%12548980. 94% Rural1582610. 22%1579710. 19%1587110. 24%2954619. 06% Total154866100. 00%154979100. 00%155015100. 00%155035100. 00% State wise presence of post offices in India: Andaman102Dadar and Nagar Haveli39J&K1656 Andhra Pradesh16152Daman & Diu20Jharkhand3092 Arunachal Pradesh295Delhi531Karnataka9761 Assam4023Goa263Kerala5054 Bihar9015Gujarat8934Lakhasdweep10 Chandigarh51Haryana2662MP8031 Chattisgarh3119Himachal Pradesh2778Maharashtra12490 Manipur697Rajasth an10338 Meghalaya475Sikkim209 Mizoram409Tamilnadu11897 Nagaland328Tripura710 Orissa8192U. P. 17584 Pondicherry91Uttarakhand2719 Punjab3842W. B. 8700Each facility center in the network is independent in itself, thereby satisfying the condition of Horizontal Networks, but each central / metro / common facility center is dependent on the traffic / mail at other service centers also, thereby working as Mixed Network Structures. India post has about 387 mail offices to process the mails through its network and conveyed by rail, road, and airlines all over the country. Facility decision in mail service sector includes the office layout, customer support, guidance, and customer interface with employees, basic facilities for employees and services available. India Post is oldest mail service in India and some of the offices of India Post are very old.The ambience, infrastructure, facilities is not comparable to private agency offices, which are equipped with modern infrastructure and facili ties. â€Å"Project Arrow† is a step toward modernization of post offices. It focuses on creating conducive and friendly work environment for staff and customers, information technology enabled services and improving the quality of core business services, primarily focusing in rural areas. It has been implemented in more than 15000 post offices and more post offices are in process of implementation. In comparison to private service providers, India Post has maximum reach, are available at the last mile. Private agencies are working for profit maximization therefore they operate in limited space, and their presence is imited to metro cities and some critical business locations. Due to limited offices and service centers, they have made their offices IT enabled and customer friendly. Process Technology The meaning of the process technology lies behind the meaning of focus. Well-managed service organizations are characterized by a high degree of focus. Better focusing such as th e utilization of classification schemes, refers to †¢to delivery systems that allow customers to have high contact with the system †¢easy segregation / sorting of mails †¢ease of tracking †¢improving the quality of delivery †¢connection of various location with centralized database †¢management information system and database maintenanceAutomation and information technology leads to cost savings, consistent and reliable services, it helps to increases the availability of a service operations and the speed of service delivery process that helps in marketing and customer benefits. In mail service, the level of automation depends on amount of load, types of services, quantity of parcels, cost, and risk appetite of the company. For India Post, the scope of Automation and upgradation in process technology can be defined in many areas: †¢Computerized booking of mails and parcels †¢Segregation / sorting of mail according to destination through bar co de scanner †¢RFID technology to track the consignment location in real time †¢Hand held devices to confirm the delivery status on real time basis †¢Centralized data management Automatic loading of mails in the Transporting Mode †¢Automatic packing of goods and mail to utilize as full load (except in case of lower quantity) †¢Connectivity of all facility centers to check the system information in real time †¢Advance booking and pick up parcel †¢Centralized database to better control the address database of customers India Post is lagging in automation of its process. It has implemented barcode technology in most of its services, but it is not fully supported by its aging staff. Most of the post offices in the rural areas are manually functioning. Many post offices, Mail offices, Administrative offices are not yet computerized.Automatic letter sorting machine is under installation in four metropolitan cities of India, which can increase the sorting s peed to approx. 35000 per hour. In addition, Mixed Mail sorting machine are also under process of implementation to sort large size letters, parcels/packets to the speed of about 16000 per hour. These machines will help to automate the process with better speed, quality and efficiency. As compared to private mail service providers, most of the offices are fully computerized, with full system integration with centralized server. Their offices are connected with real time information system and the core business functions are controlled through IT. Sourcing and Vertical IntegrationSourcing is an important structural aspect of an operations organizations encompasses decision regarding how much of the total work required to create and deliver its services will be done internally and how much can be outsourced from outside organizations. In service industry, outsourcing can reduce the cost of operation. Strategic control in the operation decides the level of outsourcing in mail service. India Post is operating under huge geographical exposure. As a part of its public service, it has to reach to the last consumer in the map. Establishing self-employed service centers at all operating location is costly proposition, therefore to maintain the presence and cost effectiveness it has to outsource some of its activities in the extreme areas of operation. Apart from its front office activities, India Post has scope for outsourcing at almost every stage of operation. Post office maintenance at certain location as per India Post terms and Condition †¢Transportation of dak / mail by road, rail and air through third party agency rather than self procuring the trucks and loaders †¢Deploying a local team for post office maintenance at distant location, but centralized control through district head or regional head post office †¢Dealership and franchise network apart from regular staff †¢Liaison with government organizations and PSU’s to deliver all the mails of govt. institutions through India Post Front office counter franchise India post has a franchise scheme that offers various products and services in urban and upcoming urban areas.Basic features of the Urban franchise model: †¢It provides only counter services, delivery and transmission lies with India post. †¢Provision of services under franchise across the counter for a minimum defined time schedule with flexibility to work round the clock Products and services offered †¢Sale of Stamps and stationery †¢Booking registered articles, speed post articles, money orders, e-post etc. †¢Functioning as an agent for PLI and provide related after sales service, including collection of premia (subject to fulfillment of criteria for PLI agents). †¢Marketing products for which the Department has a corporate agency or tie-up and provide related follow up services (subject to agreement with the other organizations involved). Providing retail and bill/tax/fin e collection/payment services of the Department (Subject to agreement with the other organizations involved) †¢Facilitating the provision of e-governance and citizen-centric services (subject to agreement with the other organizations involved) †¢Any other service introduced by the Department in future through its outlets which is considered amenable to the franchisee model. (subject to agreement with the other organizations involved) Transportation Service The transportation of mail is through various modes 1. By hand 2. Surface line, road transport 3. Surface line, rail transport 4. Air line, Plane transport India Post has manages mail transportation with their own facilities as well as third party service providers. India post has huge employee base to deliver the post by hand to the recipients, but for the transportation on surface and air, it has its own vehicles and also arrangements with third party logistics vendors.Air transport – international deliveries, I ndia Post has tie-up with premier DHL logistics Mail Motor Services (MMS) – For transmission of mail between mail offices and post offices between cities, India Post has its own fleet of 1282 vehicles, full-fledged maintenance workshop facilities Rail transport – for long distance transmission of mails, India Post has tie-up with Indian Railways Scope for Sourcing 1. Road transportation – India post can outsource the transmission of mails between cities and reduce the load of maintenance and fixed fleet expenses, third party service dedicated to India Post can help in focusing on timely delivery and maintenance of quality service. It offload the risk of transportation, maintenance expenses, buying-selling of vehicles etc 2. Franchise for rural areas – India Post franchise scheme is primarily for Urban Areas where the post office is justified but cannot be opened.For India Post, the focus of expanding the reach should be associated with cost factor. As in urban areas, the cost of opening a post office would be high. Similarly, operating cost in the far distant rural areas will also be high. In order to minimize the cost of operation, India Post can outsource some of its urban offices, and similarly rural office, where the cost of operation for local would be lesser than setting up self-employed service centers. 3. Long-term contracts with Customers – India Post can leverage on its wide presence, and govt. institution tag for getting long-term contracts with other govt. institutions and PSUs for delivery of all mails through India Post.This will ensure dedicated source of Income for India Post, and beyond that, it will be a great financial assistance to serve the rural areas. Infrastructural Decisions A company’s operations infrastructure is composed of its policies and systems governing a number of activities, from capital budgeting and equipment selection to organizational structure. Each of these systems often has rep ercussions and implications for other infrastructural and structural elements. Resource allocation and capital budgeting systems Human Resource systems India Post has workforce, which is old aged, there has been no fresh recruitment in India Post from many years for junior and senior level management positions.In the present system, where consumer are growing at fast pace, and the technology and information system is growing in the industry, there is need of well-informed and responsive workforce that can understand the existing IT and customers need. Due to aging workforce, computer literacy among the employees is not at par and training and development of employees has taken a back step in the policies of India Post. Although, India Post organizes many training program for its middle / senior level management employees but due to aging factor, the life expectancy in the organization as well the contribution in the organization is limited. Work Planning and Control systems Quality systemsThe quality system has been focused upon by India post since 2005-06. With the prioritization of computerization in 2006-07 for the development of India post, the Government has laid focus on improving service levels and to enable electronic networking of about 1, 30,000 rural Post Offices. Recently, A Plan costing Rs. 1877. 2 Crores has been formulated to computerize the Post Offices in Rural areas to further improvise on this front. Project Arrow was launched in April 2008. The project envisages up gradation of Post Offices in urban and rural areas both in terms of upgrading and enhancing the quality of service in â€Å"core areas† and improving their â€Å"look and feel†.The project aims at creating a conducive and friendly work environment both for the staff and the customers visiting the Post Offices, providing all IT enabled services through secure connectivity, improving the service quality levels in the core business areas e. g. Mail delivery, Remittance s both electronic and manual and Postal Savings schemes. The â€Å"Look and Feel† activity focuses on improvement in Branding, Information Technology, Human Resource and Infrastructure. Based on the audit report of Project Arrow conducted over 50 post offices of 10 states: 1. In terms of Performance on Mail Delivery, Registered letter performances were 99 %, where as the figures for Ordinary mail varied between 94 to 100%. For Speed post it ranged between 98 to 99 %. 2.In terms of time taken for delivery of letters, post offices scored between 90 to 92% during the 3 rounds of Audit though a higher score was expected. Till June 2012, the Project has been implemented in respect of monitoring of core areas in more than 15,500 Post Offices and â€Å"Look and Feel† has been improved in 1,530 Post Offices. The Government has recently started a new Automated Mail Processing Centre (AMPC) in Delhi on August 20, 2012 to improve mail quality with next-generation sorting centres and to modernize the mail processing operations at India Post. The new letter sorting machine can sort 35,000 letters per hour, while the mixed mail sorter can process 20,000 letters, packets and small parcels an hour.The automated sorting systems should â€Å"considerably† improve sorting errors and improve the quality of mail services, the government said, with the new mixed mail sorter scanning tracking barcodes automatically as items are being sorted. Processing efficiency should also improve because mail can be sorted in a single run, while manual sorting had required a second stage of sorting. As per an interview given by Siemens, the developer of AMPC, to the media; â€Å"The automation route will â€Å"significantly† reduce processing time and save â€Å"considerable† cost for the Indian postal department. Handwriting or language is no longer a barrier as the special IVR by Siemens can read various scripts e. g. Greek, Cyrilic, Arabic, Chinese, English, Hindi.For the postal centers at Delhi and Kolkata, this machine will be able to read English and Hindi and as a result will enable Department of Post to provide better and more efficient services with hig h level of productivity† . From quality aspects as such, the ministry is taking measures like the introduction of AMPC and Project Arrow to improvise the quality. Still, a lot of rural villages are not computerized and timely delivery of mails has been a major issue. Also, the technologies like AMPC need to reach out to more major cities for further reducing the cost and improve service levels. The Government provides money bank guarantee of Rs 500 on damage or loss of any parcel but no specifications regarding this are provided.As such, a lot of people prefer other courier services to send valuable or important mails/parcels. Measurement and reward systems One of the major problems with India post is the undefined promotion structure. The employees are bound for a fixed pay and no variable pay/ Incentives are provided. The promotion is based on experience rather than utility/ quality and irrespective of poor showing at work, job security is provided which makes the system lazy. Frequent transfer of employees and low growth potential for an individual are few other concerns which needs to be addressed upon along with a continuous feedback system of employees. Product and process development systemsIndia Post although the oldest and most significant player in mail service but with time the competitors has taken a lead and the social obligation of India Post has put them in back step in process development, improvement and fast implementation. The project team for process improvisation works on the guidelines given by the members after approval for the Ministry of Telecommunications and IT, larger projects has to get the approval from the ministry before commencement. Organization structure The organization structure of India Post is a complex organizati on structure (Exhibit 1). It has many vertical layers and simultaneously horizontal divisions. India Post is a government body, therefore the bureaucratic organization structure is inevitable, it has members deputed by Govt. of India as well as personnel that are recruited by India Post itself.Due to various business dimensions (postal mail service, PF fund, MNREGA fund, Bank, Finance, Forex etc) of India Post, each business vertical is treated as separate business unit and therefore makes the structure more complex. The organization structure is a centralized, and bureaucratic, power to take decision lies with the senior management and staff is primarily to do the regular business / operational activities. Operations Strategy for India Post Considering, the fact that India post is the Govt. institutional body and their prime focus is to serve the mass market by offering its services at lowest possible rates with high quality and good speed.In addition, India Post desires to be self -sustaining organization, it involves trade-offs between operation strategy matrix parameters (Price, Quality, Dependability, Flexibility and Speed). They can make their product primarily in two segments: 1. Business Mails2. General Mails General Mails – it is for mass market focusing on public, for cost sensitive customers (primarily poor people), delivery of mails to any location with a specified time delivery. Business Mails – it is specialized service, other than just sending mails (other than General Mails), the prices should be competitive with other private players, delivery time specified, service customization as required by the customers. E. g. speed post, registered post, logistics, parcels and box parcel etc. Exhibit 1 : Organization Structure, India Post